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传感器网络能耗均衡策略及应用

论文字数:14431,页数:44 有开题报告,任务书

摘 要

无线传感器网络是由许多随机分布的传感器节点通过自组织方式形成的一种网络结构,这些传感器节点可以采集温度、湿度等信息,并传送给接收器进行处理。因为传感器节点的能量供给方式是采取电池提供能量,所以整个网络的能量消耗的问题非常突出,如何采取各种措施延长网络的生命周期成为无线传感网络的一个关键问题。

本文首先介绍了无线传感器网络的能耗问题,引入了能量空洞理论,并分析了当前解决能量空洞的几种可以采取的能耗均衡策略,最后重点研究了一种非均匀节点分布策略,在对理论理解的基础上对这种策略进行了网络模拟仿真实验。通过设定实验的参数,试图在各种设定环境下进行模拟,并通过对比实验和实验数据分析得出结论,验证了这种节点分布策略的有效性以及指出存在的一些问题,在本文的最后提出了这种非均匀分布策略的扩展和应用。

关键词:传感器网络;能耗均衡;能量空洞;非均匀分布;网络模拟

The energy consume uniform strategy in wireless sensor network

Abstract

The WSN(Wireless Sensor Network) is made up of masses of independent sensor nodes that organized by themselves. As the sensor nodes can provide the ability to gathering information from nearby, so they are widely used in forest, farmlands, and battlefields. As we know, the sensor nodes use battery for energy support and the energy battery provide is limited. When the nodes use up its battery , they just died and can not work any more .so how to maximum the life time of the WSN is becoming a major problem.

The paper first describes energy consume of WSN, then explain the energy hole problem and introduce several ways to maximum the life time of the WSN, and then we chose the nonuniform distribution strategy for further study. We want to prove the node distribution strategy the reference offered, so some simulations and experiments are necessary. After analyze the data from the simulations and experiments, we prove that the strategy is correct and we finger out the week point of the strategy. Finally, we give some method to extend this strategy and how to use the strategy to deploy the nodes to a circle wireless sensor network.

Key Words: Wireless sensor network; energy hole;energy consume uniform;

Nonuniform node distribution; network simulation

目 录

摘 要II

AbstractIII

目 录IV

插图索引VI

附表索引VII

1绪论1

1.1课题的背景和意义1

1.2国内外的当前研究现状1

1.3本文要完成的主要工作2

2传感器网络能耗均衡与网络模拟3

2.1能量空洞理论和节点非均匀分布理论3

2.1.1能量空洞的产生原因3

2.1.2节点非均匀分布理论3

2.2圆形网络模型下的分布策略4

2.3网络仿真模拟器和NS26

2.3.1网络仿真模拟器的介绍6

2.3.2NS2的介绍8

2.4OTCL介绍9

2.5NS2 Mannasim Framework[7]介绍12

3非均匀分布策略的模拟仿真13

3.1理论的提出13

3.2模拟场景的设定13

3.3Sink节点的定义14

3.4Sensor节点的定义15

3.5模拟仿真的创建执行17

3.5.1创建一个Sink节点17

3.5.2创建Sensor节点18

3.5.3执行模拟程序19

3.6对比实验模拟19

4模拟实验结果的分析21

4.1Nam模拟的分析21

4.1.1第一组实验的Nam模拟的分析21

4.1.2第二组实验的Nam模拟的分析22

4.2Trace模拟分析23

4.2.1第一组实验的Trace模拟的分析23

4.2.2第二组实验的Trace模拟的分析25

4.3数据对比分析28

4.3.1Nam模拟分析对比28

4.3.2Trace模拟分析对比30

4.4存在的问题31

5节点分布策略的应用32

5.1圆形网络环境下的分布参考模型32

5.2节点非均匀分布模型的扩展32

结 论34

致 谢35

参考文献36

传感器网络能耗均衡策略及应用......