染料脱盐实验研究

论文编号:HG176 论文字数:9594,页数:21

摘 要：在染料的生产制备过程中通常会带入大量的盐分。脱盐是生产高品质染料至关重要的步骤, 大量的实践经验已经证明，含盐量过高会直接使染料的纯度降低,从而降低了染料在染色过程中的溶解性能,影响染料的着色,还会影响染料的坚牢度。国内传统的染料生产工艺采用盐析分离染料成分,现在用的较多的有纳滤膜脱盐。本文介绍了电渗析法在染料脱盐实验中的应用。实验通过考察染料脱盐过程中的染料浓度、盐浓度,过程的电流等因素的变化来观察研究。结果表明:电渗析法能对实验染料浓度溶液进行脱盐,脱盐效果可高达95%以上,染料在脱盐过程中的损失率低于1%。

关键词：染料； 电渗析法； 脱盐

Abstract: Dye would be accompanied by the production process of preparation of certain components of salt. Desalination is the production of high-quality dye crucial step. A lot of practical experience has proven that high salt content will directly reduce the purity of dyes, thereby reduce the dissolution performance of dye in the dyeing process, impact colored of dyes, but will also affect the fastness of dye. The desalination from dye is using salting-out in domestic traditional process. Now there are more with the Nanofiltratio. This paper introduces the application of desalination dyes with the electrodialysis. In experimental of dye desalination, the effects of dye desalination such as the dye concentration, the different salt concentration in dye, current were studied. The results showed that: in the experimental dye concentration solution, the salt can be removal with electrodialysis, desalination effect can be as high as more than 95 percent, in the process of desalination the loss rate of dyes are less than 1%.

Keywords：Dye ; Electrodialysis ; Desalination

目 录

中文摘要I

英文摘要II

目录III

1. 绪论1

1.1 染料的分类 1

1.1.1 染料应用分类 1

1.1.2 染料结构分类 2

1.2 染料制备与盐分离方法 3

1.2.1 盐析法 3

1.2.2 纳滤法 3

1.2.3 电渗析法4

1.3 膜污染的防治 5

1.3.1 膜材料和孔径的选择5

1.3.2 料液和膜面的预处理 6

1.3.3 操作条件的优化 6

1.3.4 有机膜的改性 6

2. 实验部分7

2.1 实验设备7

2.2 实验试剂与原料7

2.3 实验与浓度分析8

2.3.1 浓度分析8

2.3.2 实验操作8

2.4 脱盐原理9

3. 实验结果与讨论10

3.1 脱盐实验准备10

3.1.1 波长扫描10

3.1.2 不同的染料浓度与电导率关系10

3.1.3 染料中盐浓度的变化对电导率和吸光度的影响11

3.1.4 染料浓度和吸光度的关系12

3.1.5 电渗析脱盐实验规律13

3.2 脱盐因素考察13

3.2.1 不同染料浓度的影响13

3.2.2 盐浓度的影响15

3.2.3 不同电流的影响16

4. 总结与展望17

致谢18

参考文献19