炭石墨复合材料的制备及性能研究

论文编号:CL016 论文字数:12370,页数:30

炭/石墨复合材料的制备及性能研究

摘 要

炭/石墨复合材料是一种高性能结构、功能复合材料，具有高强度、高模量、高导热、隔热优异等优异特性，在机械、电子、化工、冶金和核能等领域中得到广泛应用，并且在航天、航空和国防领域中的关键部件上大量应用。但由于炭材料在450℃的氧化气氛中就开始发生氧化，轻度氧化时材料的密度降低，强度下降，严重氧化时材料会出现分层，甚至变力絮状，完全丧失材料的机械性能。

本设计以制备物化性能和机械性能良好的炭/石墨复合材料为目的，对炭/石墨复合材料的原料，粘结剂的改性剂及其性能作了系统研究。分别采用改变原料配比和改变粘结剂种类及用量的方法制得机械强度高体积密度大的炭/石墨复合材料。通过对比，发现用熟石油焦制备的材料其致密度、机械强度及电导率比用生石油焦的都要好。用磷酸，碳化硅改性酚醛树脂后，其性能比没改性的要强。

关键词：炭/石墨复合材料；熟石油焦；改性剂；制备；性能

Abstract

Carbon / graphite composite material is a high performance structure, functional composite materials with high strength, high modulus, high thermal conductivity, excellent insulation and other outstanding features. Carbon / graphite composite material is widely used in machinery, electronics, chemicals, metallurgy and other fields of nuclear energy and in the aerospace, aviation and defense in the field of critical components on a large number of applications. However, the carbon materials start to oxidize in the atmosphere 450 ℃, In the mild oxidation, materials, density and strength are decreased. When Severe oxidation, material stratification occurs, complete lose mechanical properties. The design prepared by physical and chemical properties and good mechanical properties of carbon / graphite composite materials for the purpose of carbon / graphite composite materials, adhesive agents and their properties were modified system. Change the ratio of raw materials were used and the type and amount of change in method of binder obtained bulk density and mechanical strength of carbon / graphite composites. By contrast the use of familiar materials, petroleum coke prepared its density, mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of petroleum coke used to be good students. With phosphoric acid, silicon carbide modified phenolic resin, its performance is stronger.

Keywords: Carbon / graphite composites; mature petroleum coke; modifier; preparation; performance

目 录

1 绪论1

1.1 前言1

1.2 课题研究方向与发展2

1.2.1 石油焦的煅烧2

1.2.2 粘结剂2

1.2.3 致密度的提高4

1.3 国内外研究状况6

1.4 课题研究内容、目的及意义6

2 实验9

2.1主要原料及设备9

2.1.1 熟石油焦9

2.1.2 鳞片石墨9

2.1.3 酚醛树脂9

2.1.4 其他原料10

2.1.5 主要仪器及设备10

2.2 制备流程11

2.2.1工艺流程图11

2.2.2 粉料制备11

2.2.3 样品成型11

2.2.4 固化11

2.2.5 焙烧12

2.3 样品物理性能测试12

2.3.1 体积密度13

2.3.2 抗折强度13

2.3.3 抗压强度13

2.3.4 电导率14

2.3.5 差热分析14

2.3.6 电镜扫描14

3 实验结果及讨论15

3.1 不同原料样品的性能15

3.1.1 密度15

3.1.2 抗压强度16

3.1.3 电导率17

3.2 磷酸和碳化硅系列不同浓度改性剂样品的性能17

3.3 碳化硅占树脂4.5%样品的差热-热重分析20

3.4 电镜分析20

4 结论22

致谢23

参考文献24